LONDON was slow off the mark in winning football trophies, but in the 1930s, Arsenal became the first team from the capital to win the championship. This opened a period of unparalleled success for the Gunners and cast other London clubs into the shadows – including Tottenham, who had won two FA Cups (1901 and 1921) before Arsenal found the secret to success. In the early 1950s, Arsenal found their place as London’s top club under threat from their north of the river rivals.[1]
Tottenham has spent 15 years in the second division by the time they won promotion in 1950 under Arthur Rowe. The club, despite drawing big crowds to White Hart Lane, had become something of an underachiever but the appointment of Rowe, a former player and highly regarded coach, had sent Spurs back into the top flight with a team that played eye-catching football.
Rowe was heavily influenced by continental methods and was offered the job of Hungary’s coach before he arrived back at Tottenham, the club he loved. Some claim Rowe influenced the legendary Mighty Magyars of the 1950s, but it is without doubt that two of the greats of English football management, Bill Nicholson and Alf Ramsey both benefitted from their association with him.
Rowe’s methods became known as “Push and Run”, a term he did not appreciate as he felt it was an inadequate description of his approach. It was a system that was both pragmatic and enterprising, relying on quick, short-passing and optimal use of space. Rowe saw the Arsenal style of the 1930s as quite negative although many teams tried to copy it without having the resources to pull it off. Rowe said: “Our method is better – to obtain an appreciation of the fact that the team is more important than the individual. I feel that the individual gets more benefit, too.” [2]
Rowe was appointed manager in 1949, succeeding Joe Hulme. His first signing was Alf Ramsey, a Dagenham-born full back from Southampton. The rest of the squad had been with the club for some time, including the likes of skipper Ronnie Burgess, big-handed goalkeeper Ted Ditchburn and Bill Nicholson, whose careers started before the second world war. Nicholson revealed years later, that Rowe liked to use phrases and sayings that captured the essence of the way he wanted his side to play: “A rolling ball gathers no moss”, “the team makes the stars, not the stars the team”, “make it simple, make it quick”, and so on.
“I never got more pleasure from the game than what the 1951 team gave to me” – Arthur Rowe.
Although this all sounds very simple, the fact is, Tottenham’s style was somewhat revolutionary at the time. In 1949-50, Spurs steamrollered the second division, winning the title by nine points. They also beat first division Sunderland 5-1 (who finished third in 1949-50) in the FA Cup to emphasise their strength.
Once back in the first division, Spurs had something of a wake-up call on the opening day. They were beaten 4-1 at home by Blackpool, with Stanley Matthews running full back Charlie Withers ragged. Spurs were too anxious which was a problem given their passing game relied heavily on calmness and clear heads. They recovered from that setback and it was not long before they were playing with confidence and conviction once more.
In fact, Spurs started to demonstrate their approach was a vision of the future and an antidote to the gloom that had descended upon English football after their calamitous World Cup in Brazil, which included the 1-0 defeat against a USA team in Belo Horizonte. Attendances in 1950-51 were in decline following the post-war boom and by the end of the season, top division gates had fallen by 3%. [3]
By November 18, when Spurs met Newcastle, they had already thrashed the league champions of 1949 and 1950, Portsmouth and hit six goals past Stoke City. Tottenham were superb when they beat Newcastle United 7-0, including Jackie Milburn, saw the press compare Spurs’ play to the “Dynamos and crack continentals” that people had been reading about. Newcastle simply had no answer to Spurs’ fast-moving play and powerful shooting as well as the form of Eddie Baily and Les Medley, who scored a hat-trick. The media called it the “massacre of White hart Lane” and began talking about Spurs as possible champions.
Spurs were not invincible by any means and Huddersfield Town, in particular, seemed to have found a way to play them, beating them three times in 1950-51 including a third round FA Cup tie. By mid-January, early season pacesetters Arsenal had fallen away and Spurs were top of the league with Middlesbrough pursuing them hard. On January 13, Spurs had a setback when they were beaten by Manchester United after Ditchburn claimed he had been fouled when the winning goal was scored.
At times, Spurs looked as though they were tiring, but they kept winning even though half of their team was over 30 years of age. In total, 16 of their 25 victories were by a single goal margin but not when they faced West Bromwich Albion in March. A 5-0 drubbing of the Baggies convinced Rowe that his team would be champions. Spurs feared Newcastle more than anyone, even though Manchester United were playing superbly in the run-in. On April 7, Spurs travelled to the north east to face a team that had already reached the FA Cup final. Newcastle were beaten 1-0 thanks to a goal from Sonny Walters and The People proclaimed Spurs were the team of the season. They were six points ahead of Manchester United and had four games remaining.
It appeared, however, that Spurs had started to jitter a little, losing at home to Huddersfield and then drawing with Middlesbrough. Manchester United continued to win, though, beating West Bromwich Albion and Newcastle. Only three points separated Spurs from United but a win for Rowe’s team would clinch the title with one game to go.
Sheffield Wednesday, who were trying to hang on to their first division status, were the next opponents at White Hart Lane. Spurs were not at their best, but took the lead through Len Duquemin, their centre forward from Guernsey. Duquemin was a hard working forward known as “Reliable Len” who knew how to score goals and in 1950-51, he netted 14 times in 33 league games. His goal against Wednesday was enough to win the game and the title. Wednesday were relegated a few days later.
The quality of Spurs’ football won them many friends in 1951, but this was not a team for the future as the average age was close to 30. Some sections of the press predicted they would dominate for a few years but it just wasn’t possible. Of the regular side, Alf Ramsey, Arthur Willis, Ronnie Burgess, Bill Nicholson, Les Medley and Les Bennett were all over 30. Ted Ditchburn, Charlie Withers, Harry Clarke, Peter Murphy and Tony Marchi were in their late 20s. It was a team built from local players, though – four players were from Edmonton and another three from other parts of London.
Unequivocally, it was a title-winning combination with some outstanding individuals. Welsh international Burgess was an incredibly strong, inspirational figure, described as a “like a marathon runner, a human dynamo who was always in support”. [4] Bill Nicholson paid him the greatest tribute: “He had everything: good feet, ability in the air, strength in the tackle and was a beautiful passer of the ball.”
Eddie Baily was another pivotal figure and a loyal clubman. John Arlott’s description of a player who won nine England caps and played well over 300 games for Spurs in a very unique way: “As neat as a trivet, busy as a one-man band, alert as a boarding house cat, elusive as a dog in a fair.” [5]
Seven members of the squad won England honours and Burgess picked up 32 caps with Wales. Tony Marchi played in Italy for Vicenza and Torino and also spent two years with Juventus. Alf Ramsey won the World Cup with England and Bill Nicholson, 10 years later, led Spurs to the hallowed double. Many of the 1951 champions are still talked of today as club legends and rightly so, Spurs were arguably one of the most influential teams in the period leading to 1966.
[1] Tongue, Steve: Turf Wars, a history of London football. 2016, Pitch Publishing.
[2] Wilson, Jonathan: Inverting the Pyramid, 2008 Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
[3] Walvin, James: The People’s Game, 1975 Mainstream.
[4] Goodwin, Bob. Spurs, A Complete Record. Breedon Books 1988.
[5] Welch, Julie. The biography of Tottenham Hotspur. 2021.
GAME OF THE PEOPLE 
For your interest my in-depth illustrated biography of Arthur Rowe, the first in print, will shortly be published by Empire Publications, entitled ARTHUR Push-and-Run ROWE.
Any idea when it will be published ?